Revisión Configuración Básica Router
5
Resumen
Aprenderás a configurar los ajustes básicos de un router. ¡¡Empieza a aprender CCNA 200-301 gratis ahora mismo!!
¡Bienvenido!: Este tema forma parte del Módulo 14 del curso de Cisco CCNA 2, para un mejor seguimiento del curso puede ir a la sección CCNA 2 para guiarte del índice.
Tabla de Contenido
1. Topología
Un router utiliza una tabla de enrutamiento para determinar a dónde enviar los paquetes. Pero antes de sumergirse en los detalles de la tabla de enrutamiento IP, este tema revisa las tareas básicas de configuración y verificación del router. También completarás una actividad de Packet Tracer para actualizar tus habilidades.
La topología de la figura se utilizará para los ejemplos de configuración y verificación. También se usará en el siguiente tema para discutir la tabla de enrutamiento IP.
2. Comandos de Configuración
Los siguientes ejemplos muestran la configuración completa de R1.
Router> enable Router# configure terminal Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Router(config)# hostname R1 R1(config)# enable secret class R1(config)# line console 0 R1(config-line)# logging synchronous R1(config-line)# password cisco R1(config-line)# login R1(config-line)# exit R1(config)# line vty 0 4 R1(config-line)# password cisco R1(config-line)# login R1(config-line)# transport input ssh telnet R1(config-line)# exit R1(config)# service password-encryption R1(config)# banner motd # Enter TEXT message. End with a new line and the # *********************************************** WARNING: Unauthorized access is prohibited! *********************************************** # R1(config)# ipv6 unicast-routing R1(config)# interface gigabitethernet 0/0/0 R1(config-if)# description Link to LAN 1 R1(config-if)# ip address 10.0.1.1 255.255.255.0 R1(config-if)# ipv6 address 2001:db8:acad:1::1/64 R1(config-if)# ipv6 address fe80::1:a link-local R1(config-if)# no shutdown R1(config-if)# exit R1(config)# interface gigabitethernet 0/0/1 R1(config-if)# description Link to LAN 2 R1(config-if)# ip address 10.0.2.1 255.255.255.0 R1(config-if)# ipv6 address 2001:db8:acad:2::1/64 R1(config-if)# ipv6 address fe80::1:b link-local R1(config-if)# no shutdown R1(config-if)# exit R1(config)# interface serial 0/1/1 R1(config-if)# description Link to R2 R1(config-if)# ip address 10.0.3.1 255.255.255.0 R1(config-if)# ipv6 address 2001:db8:acad:3::1/64 R1(config-if)# ipv6 address fe80::1:c link-local R1(config-if)# no shutdown R1(config-if)# exit R1# copy running-config startup-config Destination filename [startup-config]? Building configuration... [OK] R1#
3. Comandos de Verificación
Algunos comandos de verificación comunes incluyen los siguientes:
- show ip interface brief
- show running-config interface interface-type number
- show interfaces
- show ip interface
- show ip route
- ping
En cada caso, reemplaza ip por ipv6 para la versión IPv6 del comando. La figura muestra de nuevo la topología para facilitar la referencia.
Haz clic en cada botón para la salida del comando para R1.
R1# show ip interface brief Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol GigabitEthernet0/0/0 10.0.1.1 YES manual up up GigabitEthernet0/0/1 10.0.2.1 YES manual up up Serial0/1/0 unassigned YES unset administratively down down Serial0/1/1 10.0.3.1 YES manual up up GigabitEthernet0 unassigned YES unset down down R1#
R1# show ipv6 interface brief
GigabitEthernet0/0/0 [up/up]
FE80::1:A
2001:DB8:ACAD:1::1
GigabitEthernet0/0/1 [up/up]
FE80::1:B
2001:DB8:ACAD:2::1
Serial0/1/0 [administratively down/down]
unassigned
Serial0/1/1 [up/up]
FE80::1:C
2001:DB8:ACAD:3::1
GigabitEthernet0 [down/down]
unassigned
R1#
R1# show running-config interface gigabitethernet 0/0/0 Building configuration... Current configuration : 189 bytes ! interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 description Link to LAN 1 ip address 10.0.1.1 255.255.255.0 negotiation auto ipv6 address FE80::1:A link-local ipv6 address 2001:DB8:ACAD:1::1/64 end R1#
R1# show interfaces gigabitEthernet 0/0/0
GigabitEthernet0/0/0 is up, line protocol is up
Hardware is ISR4321-2x1GE, address is a0e0.af0d.e140 (bia a0e0.af0d.e140)
Internet address is 10.0.1.1/24
MTU 1500 bytes, BW 100000 Kbit/sec, DLY 100 usec,
reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set
Keepalive not supported
Full Duplex, 100Mbps, link type is auto, media type is RJ45
output flow-control is off, input flow-control is off
ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00
Last input 00:00:00, output 00:00:06, output hang never
Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
Input queue: 0/375/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0
Queueing strategy: fifo
Output queue: 0/40 (size/max)
5 minute input rate 2000 bits/sec, 1 packets/sec
5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
57793 packets input, 10528767 bytes, 0 no buffer
Received 19711 broadcasts (0 IP multicasts)
0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored
0 watchdog, 36766 multicast, 0 pause input
10350 packets output, 1280030 bytes, 0 underruns
0 output errors, 0 collisions, 1 interface resets
0 unknown protocol drops
0 babbles, 0 late collision, 0 deferred
0 lost carrier, 0 no carrier, 0 pause output
0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
R1#
R1# show ip interface gigabitethernet 0/0/0
GigabitEthernet0/0/0 is up, line protocol is up
Internet address is 10.0.1.1/24
Broadcast address is 255.255.255.255
Address determined by setup command
MTU is 1500 bytes
Helper address is not set
Directed broadcast forwarding is disabled
Multicast reserved groups joined: 224.0.0.5 224.0.0.6
Outgoing Common access list is not set
Outgoing access list is not set
Inbound Common access list is not set
Inbound access list is not set
Proxy ARP is enabled
Local Proxy ARP is disabled
Security level is default
Split horizon is enabled
ICMP redirects are always sent
ICMP unreachables are always sent
ICMP mask replies are never sent
IP fast switching is enabled
IP Flow switching is disabled
IP CEF switching is enabled
IP CEF switching turbo vector
IP Null turbo vector
Associated unicast routing topologies:
Topology "base", operation state is UP
IP multicast fast switching is enabled
IP multicast distributed fast switching is disabled
IP route-cache flags are Fast, CEF
Router Discovery is disabled
IP output packet accounting is disabled
IP access violation accounting is disabled
TCP/IP header compression is disabled
RTP/IP header compression is disabled
Probe proxy name replies are disabled
Policy routing is disabled
Network address translation is disabled
BGP Policy Mapping is disabled
Input features: MCI Check
IPv4 WCCP Redirect outbound is disabled
IPv4 WCCP Redirect inbound is disabled
IPv4 WCCP Redirect exclude is disabled
R1#
R1# show ipv6 interface gigabitethernet 0/0/0
GigabitEthernet0/0/0 is up, line protocol is up
IPv6 is enabled, link-local address is FE80::1:A
No Virtual link-local address(es):
Global unicast address(es):
2001:DB8:ACAD:1::1, subnet is 2001:DB8:ACAD:1::/64
Joined group address(es):
FF02::1
FF02::2
FF02::5
FF02::6
FF02::1:FF00:1
FF02::1:FF01:A
MTU is 1500 bytes
ICMP error messages limited to one every 100 milliseconds
ICMP redirects are enabled
ICMP unreachables are sent
ND DAD is enabled, number of DAD attempts: 1
ND reachable time is 30000 milliseconds (using 30000)
ND advertised reachable time is 0 (unspecified)
ND advertised retransmit interval is 0 (unspecified)
ND router advertisements are sent every 200 seconds
ND router advertisements live for 1800 seconds
ND advertised default router preference is Medium
Hosts use stateless autoconfig for addresses.
R1#
R1# show ip route
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
(Output omitted)
Gateway of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 6 subnets, 2 masks
C 10.0.1.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0/0
L 10.0.1.1/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0/0
C 10.0.2.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0/1
L 10.0.2.1/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0/1
C 10.0.3.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/1/1
L 10.0.3.1/32 is directly connected, Serial0/1/1
R1#
R1# show ipv6 route
IPv6 Routing Table - default - 5 entries
Codes: C - Connected, L - Local, S - Static, U - Per-user Static route
(Output omitted)
C 2001:DB8:ACAD:1::/64 [0/0]
via GigabitEthernet0/0/0, directly connected
L 2001:DB8:ACAD:1::1/128 [0/0]
via GigabitEthernet0/0/0, receive
C 2001:DB8:ACAD:2::/64 [0/0]
via GigabitEthernet0/0/1, directly connected
L 2001:DB8:ACAD:2::1/128 [0/0]
via GigabitEthernet0/0/1, receive
C 2001:DB8:ACAD:3::/64 [0/0]
via Serial0/1/1, directly connected
L 2001:DB8:ACAD:3::1/128 [0/0]
via Serial0/1/1, receive
L FF00::/8 [0/0]
via Null0, receive
R1#
The following ping output assumes the S0/1/0 interface on R2 is configured and active.
R1# ping 10.0.3.2 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.0.3.2, timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 2/2/2 ms R1# ping 2001:db8:acad:3::2 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 2001:DB8:ACAD:3::2, timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 2/2/2 ms R1#
4. Filtrar Resultado de Comandos
Otra característica muy útil que mejora la experiencia del usuario en la interfaz de línea de comandos (CLI) es filtrar los resultados del comando show. Los comandos de filtrado se pueden utilizar para mostrar secciones específicas de los resultados. Para habilitar el comando de filtrado, ingresa una barra vertical partida (|) después del comando show y luego ingresa un parámetro de filtrado y una expresión de filtrado.
Los parámetros de filtrado que se pueden configurar después de la barra vertical (|) incluyen lo siguiente:
- section – muestra la sección completa que comienza con la expresión de filtrado.
- include – incluye todas las líneas de resultados que coinciden con la expresión de filtrado.
- exclude – excluye todas las líneas de resultados que coinciden con la expresión de filtrado.
- begin – muestra todas las líneas de resultados desde determinado punto, comenzando por la línea que coincide con la expresión de filtrado.
Nota: Los filtros de salida se pueden usar en combinación con cualquier comando show.
La figura se muestra de nuevo por conveniencia.
Estos ejemplos demuestran algunos de los usos más comunes de los parámetros de filtrado.
R1# show running-config | section line vty
line vty 0 4
password 7 121A0C0411044C
login
transport input telnet ssh
R1#
R1# show ipv6 interface brief | include up
GigabitEthernet0/0/0 [up/up]
GigabitEthernet0/0/1 [up/up]
Serial0/1/1 [up/up]
R1#
R1# show ip interface brief | exclude unassigned
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol
GigabitEthernet0/0/0 192.168.10.1 YES manual up up
GigabitEthernet0/0/1 192.168.11.1 YES manual up up
Serial0/1/1 209.165.200.225 YES manual up up
R1#
R1# show ip route | begin Gateway
Gateway of last resort is not set
192.168.10.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 192.168.10.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0/0
L 192.168.10.1/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0/0
192.168.11.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 192.168.11.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0/1
L 192.168.11.1/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0/1
209.165.200.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 209.165.200.224/30 is directly connected, Serial0/1/1
L 209.165.200.225/32 is directly connected, Serial0/1/1
R1#
5. Packet Tracer – Revisión Básica de Configuración del Router
Los routers R1 y R2 tienen dos LAN cada uno. R1 ya está configurado. Tu tarea es configurar el direccionamiento adecuado para R2 y verificar la conectividad entre las LAN.
Glosario: Si tienes dudas con algún término especial, puedes consultar este diccionario de redes informáticas.
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