Verificación OSPFv2 de Área Única
Resumen
Aprenderás a verificar la implementación de un protocolo OSPFv2 de área única. ¡¡Empieza a aprender CCNA 200-301 gratis ahora mismo!!
Tabla de Contenido
1. Verificación de Vecinos OSPF
Si has configurado OSPFv2 de área única, deberás verificar tus configuraciones. En este tema se detallan los muchos comandos que puedes utilizar para verificar OSPF.
Como sabes, los dos comandos siguientes son particularmente útiles para verificar el enrutamiento:
- show ip interface brief – Esto verifica que las interfaces deseadas estén activas con el direccionamiento IP correcto.
- show ip route – Esto verifica que la tabla de enrutamiento contiene todas las rutas esperadas.
Entre los comandos adicionales para determinar que OSPF funciona como se esperaba se incluyen los siguientes:
- show ip ospf neighbor
- show ip protocols
- show ip ospf
- show ip ospf interface
La figura muestra la topología de referencia OSPF utilizada para demostrar estos comandos.
Topología OSPFv2 de referencia
Use el comando show ip ospf neighbor para verificar que el router ha formado una adyacencia con sus routers vecinos. Si no se muestra la ID del router vecino o si este no se muestra en el estado FULL, los dos routers no formaron una adyacencia OSPFv2.
Si dos routers no establecen una adyacencia, no se intercambia la información de estado de enlace. Las LSDB incompletas pueden producir imprecisiones en los troncales SPF y en las tablas de enrutamiento. Es posible que no existan rutas hacia las redes de destino o que estas no representen la ruta más óptima.
El siguiente resultado del comando muestra la tabla vecina de R1.
R1# show ip ospf neighbor Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface 3.3.3.3 0 FULL/ - 00:00:19 10.1.1.13 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 2.2.2.2 0 FULL/ - 00:00:18 10.1.1.6 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 R1#
Para cada vecino, este comando muestra lo siguiente:
- Neighbor ID – Esta es el router ID del router vecino.
- Pri – la prioridad OSPFv2 de la interfaz. Este valor se utiliza en la elección del DR y del BDR.
- State – el estado de OSPFv2 de la interfaz. El estado FULL significa que el router y su vecino poseen LSDB de OSPFv2 idénticas. En las redes multiacceso, como Ethernet, dos routers adyacentes pueden mostrar sus estados como 2WAY. El guion indica que no se requiere ningún DR o BDR debido al tipo de red.
- Dead Time – el tiempo restante que el router espera para recibir un paquete Hello de OSPFv2 del vecino antes de declararlo inactivo. Este valor se restablece cuando la interfaz recibe un paquete Hello.
- Address – la dirección IPv4 de la interfaz del vecino a la que el router está conectado directamente.
- Interface – la interfaz en la que este router formó adyacencia con el vecino.
Dos routers pueden no formar una adyacencia OSPFv2 si ocurre lo siguiente:
- Las máscaras de subred no coinciden, esto hace que los routers se encuentren en redes separadas.
- Los temporizadores de tiempo de Hello y Dead del protocolo OSPFv2 no coinciden.
- Los tipos de redes OSPFv2 no coinciden.
- Hay un comando network de OSPFv2 faltante o incorrecto.
2. Verificar Configuración del Protocolo OSPF
El comando show ip protocols es una forma rápida de verificar la información vital de configuración de OSPF, como se muestra en el siguiente resultado. Esto incluye la ID del proceso (process ID) OSPFv2, el router ID, las interfaces configuradas explícitamente para anunciar las rutas OSPF, los vecinos desde los que el router recibe actualizaciones y la distancia administrativa predeterminada, que es 110 para OSPF.
R1# show ip protocols *** IP Routing is NSF aware *** (output omitted) Routing Protocol is "ospf 10" Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set Router ID 1.1.1.1 Number of areas in this router is 1. 1 normal 0 stub 0 nssa Maximum path: 4 Routing for Networks: Routing on Interfaces Configured Explicitly (Area 0): Loopback0 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 Routing Information Sources: Gateway Distance Last Update 3.3.3.3 110 00:09:30 2.2.2.2 110 00:09:58 Distance: (default is 110) R1#
3. Verificar Información del Proceso OSPF
El comando show ip ospf también se puede usar para examinar la ID del proceso (process ID) OSPFv2 y el router ID, como se muestra en el siguiente resultado. Este comando muestra información de área OSPFv2 y la última vez que se ejecuto el algoritmo SPF.
R1# show ip ospf Routing Process "ospf 10" with ID 1.1.1.1 Start time: 00:01:47.390, Time elapsed: 00:12:32.320 Supports only single TOS(TOS0) routes Supports opaque LSA Supports Link-local Signaling (LLS) Supports area transit capability Supports NSSA (compatible with RFC 3101) Supports Database Exchange Summary List Optimization (RFC 5243) Event-log enabled, Maximum number of events: 1000, Mode: cyclic Router is not originating router-LSAs with maximum metric Initial SPF schedule delay 5000 msecs Minimum hold time between two consecutive SPFs 10000 msecs Maximum wait time between two consecutive SPFs 10000 msecs Incremental-SPF disabled Minimum LSA interval 5 secs Minimum LSA arrival 1000 msecs LSA group pacing timer 240 secs Interface flood pacing timer 33 msecs Retransmission pacing timer 66 msecs EXCHANGE/LOADING adjacency limit: initial 300, process maximum 300 Number of external LSA 1. Checksum Sum 0x00A1FF Number of opaque AS LSA 0. Checksum Sum 0x000000 Number of DCbitless external and opaque AS LSA 0 Number of DoNotAge external and opaque AS LSA 0 Number of areas in this router is 1. 1 normal 0 stub 0 nssa Number of areas transit capable is 0 External flood list length 0 IETF NSF helper support enabled Cisco NSF helper support enabled Reference bandwidth unit is 10000 mbps Area BACKBONE(0) Number of interfaces in this area is 3 Area has no authentication SPF algorithm last executed 00:11:31.231 ago SPF algorithm executed 4 times Area ranges are Number of LSA 3. Checksum Sum 0x00E77E Number of opaque link LSA 0. Checksum Sum 0x000000 Number of DCbitless LSA 0 Number of indication LSA 0 Number of DoNotAge LSA 0 Flood list length 0 R1#
4. Verificar Configuración de Interfaz OSPF
El comando show ip ospf interface proporciona una lista detallada para cada interfaz habilitada para OSPFv2. Especifica una interfaz para mostrar la configuración de esa interfaz, como se muestra en el siguiente ejemplo para Gigabit Ethernet 0/0/0. Este comando muestra el process ID, el router ID local, el tipo de red, el costo OSPF, la información de DR y BDR en enlaces de acceso múltiple (no se muestra) y los vecinos adyacentes.
R1# show ip ospf interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 is up, line protocol is up Internet Address 10.1.1.5/30, Area 0, Attached via Interface Enable Process ID 10, Router ID 1.1.1.1, Network Type POINT_TO_POINT, Cost: 10 Topology-MTID Cost Disabled Shutdown Topology Name 0 10 no no Base Enabled by interface config, including secondary ip addresses Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State POINT_TO_POINT Timer intervals configured, Hello 5, Dead 20, Wait 20, Retransmit 5 oob-resync timeout 40 Hello due in 00:00:01 Supports Link-local Signaling (LLS) Cisco NSF helper support enabled IETF NSF helper support enabled Index 1/2/2, flood queue length 0 Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)/0x0(0) Last flood scan length is 1, maximum is 1 Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec Neighbor Count is 1, Adjacent neighbor count is 1 Adjacent with neighbor 2.2.2.2 Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s) R1#
Para obtener un resumen rápido de las interfaces habilitadas para OSPFv2, utiliza el comando show ip ospf interface brief, como se muestra en el siguiente resultado del comando. Este comando es útil para ver información importante, incluida la siguiente:
- Las interfaces están participando en OSPF
- Redes que se anuncian (Dirección IP/Máscara)
- Costo de cada enlace
- Estado de la red
- Número de vecinos en cada enlace
R1# show ip ospf interface brief Interface PID Area IP Address/Mask Cost State Nbrs F/C Lo0 10 0 10.10.1.1/24 10 P2P 0/0 Gi0/0/1 10 0 10.1.1.14/30 30 P2P 1/1 Gi0/0/0 10 0 10.1.1.5/30 10 P2P 1/1 R1#
5. Comprobador de Sintaxis – Verificar OSPFv2 de Área Única
Utiliza el Comprobador de Sintaxis para verificar la configuración OSPFv2 de área única en R2 y R3.
Topología OSPF de referencia
Muestra un resumen del estado de las interfaces IPv4 en R2.
R2#show ip interface brief Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol GigabitEthernet0/0/0 10.1.1.6 YES NVRAM up up GigabitEthernet0/0/1 10.1.1.9 YES NVRAM up up Serial0/1/0 unassigned YES NVRAM administratively down down Serial0/1/1 unassigned YES NVRAM administratively down down GigabitEthernet0 unassigned YES NVRAM administratively down down Loopback0 10.10.2.1 YES NVRAM up up Loopback1 64.100.0.1 YES NVRAM up up R2#
Muestra las rutas OSPF instaladas en la tabla de enrutamiento en R2.
R2#show ip route ospf Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2 i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2 ia - IS-IS inter area, \* - candidate default, U - per-user static route o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP a - application route + - replicated route, % - next hop override Gateway of last resort is 0.0.0.0 to network 0.0.0.0 10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 9 subnets, 3 masks O 10.1.1.12/30 \[110/40\] via 10.1.1.10, 00:45:28, GigabitEthernet0/0/1 \[110/40\] via 10.1.1.5, 00:45:49, GigabitEthernet0/0/0 O 10.10.1.0/24 \[110/20\] via 10.1.1.5, 00:45:49, GigabitEthernet0/0/0 O 10.10.3.0/24 \[110/20\] via 10.1.1.10, 00:45:28, GigabitEthernet0/0/1 R2#
Muestra la tabla de vecinos OSPF para el R2.
R2#show ip ospf neighbor Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface 3.3.3.3 0 FULL/ - 00:00:16 10.1.1.10 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 1.1.1.1 0 FULL/ - 00:00:19 10.1.1.5 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 R2#
Verificar la configuración del protocolo en R2.
R2#show ip protocols \*\*\* IP Routing is NSF aware \*\*\* (output omitted) Routing Protocol is "ospf 10" Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set Router ID 2.2.2.2 It is an autonomous system boundary router Redistributing External Routes from, Number of areas in this router is 1. 1 normal 0 stub 0 nssa Maximum path: 4 Routing for Networks: Routing on Interfaces Configured Explicitly (Area 0): Loopback0 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 Routing Information Sources: Gateway Distance Last Update 3.3.3.3 110 00:46:14 1.1.1.1 110 00:46:36 Distance: (default is 110) R2#
Verificar el proceso OSPF en el R2.
R2#show ip ospf Routing Process "ospf 10" with ID 2.2.2.2 Start time: 00:01:54.811, Time elapsed: 00:48:04.766 Supports only single TOS(TOS0) routes Supports opaque LSA Supports Link-local Signaling (LLS) Supports area transit capability Supports NSSA (compatible with RFC 3101) Event-log enabled, Maximum number of events: 1000, Mode: cyclic It is an autonomous system boundary router Redistributing External Routes from, Router is not originating router-LSAs with maximum metric Initial SPF schedule delay 5000 msecs Minimum hold time between two consecutive SPFs 10000 msecs Maximum wait time between two consecutive SPFs 10000 msecs Incremental-SPF disabled Minimum LSA interval 5 secs Minimum LSA arrival 1000 msecs LSA group pacing timer 240 secs Interface flood pacing timer 33 msecs Retransmission pacing timer 66 msecs Number of external LSA 1. Checksum Sum 0x009F01 Number of opaque AS LSA 0. Checksum Sum 0x000000 Number of DCbitless external and opaque AS LSA 0 Number of DoNotAge external and opaque AS LSA 0 Number of areas in this router is 1. 1 normal 0 stub 0 nssa Number of areas transit capable is 0 External flood list length 0 IETF NSF helper support enabled Cisco NSF helper support enabled Reference bandwidth unit is 10000 mbps Area BACKBONE(0) Number of interfaces in this area is 3 Area has no authentication SPF algorithm last executed 00:47:04.655 ago SPF algorithm executed 5 times Area ranges are Number of LSA 3. Checksum Sum 0x00E181 Number of opaque link LSA 0. Checksum Sum 0x000000 Number of DCbitless LSA 0 Number of indication LSA 0 Number of DoNotAge LSA 0 Flood list length 0 R2#
Utiliza el nombre de la interfaz g0/0/0 para verificar la configuración de la interfaz OSPF en R2.
R2#show ip ospf interface g0/0/0 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 is up, line protocol is up Internet Address 10.1.1.6/30, Area 0, Attached via Interface Enable Process ID 10, Router ID 2.2.2.2, Network Type POINT\_TO\_POINT, Cost: 10 Topology-MTID Cost Disabled Shutdown Topology Name 0 10 no no Base Enabled by interface config, including secondary ip addresses Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State POINT\_TO\_POINT Timer intervals configured, Hello 5, Dead 20, Wait 20, Retransmit 5 oob-resync timeout 40 Hello due in 00:00:02 Supports Link-local Signaling (LLS) Cisco NSF helper support enabled IETF NSF helper support enabled Index 2/2, flood queue length 0 Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0) Last flood scan length is 1, maximum is 1 Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 1 msec Neighbor Count is 1, Adjacent neighbor count is 1 Adjacent with neighbor 1.1.1.1 Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s) R2#
Mostrar información de resumen de todas las interfaces OSPF en R2.
R2#show ip ospf interface brief Interface PID Area IP Address/Mask Cost State Nbrs F/C Lo0 10 0 10.10.2.1/24 10 P2P 0/0 Gi0/0/1 10 0 10.1.1.9/30 10 P2P 1/1 Gi0/0/0 10 0 10.1.1.6/30 10 P2P 1/1 R2#
Ahora, iniciaste sesión en el R3. Muestra un resumen del estado de las interfaces IPv4 en R3.
R3#show ip interface brief Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol GigabitEthernet0/0/0 10.1.1.13 YES NVRAM up up GigabitEthernet0/0/1 10.1.1.10 YES NVRAM up up Serial0/1/0 unassigned YES NVRAM administratively down down Serial0/1/1 unassigned YES NVRAM administratively down down GigabitEthernet0 unassigned YES NVRAM administratively down down Loopback0 10.10.3.1 YES NVRAM up up R3#
Muestra las rutas OSPF instaladas en la tabla de enrutamiento en R3.
R3#show ip route ospf Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2 i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2 ia - IS-IS inter area, \* - candidate default, U - per-user static route o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP a - application route + - replicated route, % - next hop override, p - overrides from PfR Gateway of last resort is 10.1.1.9 to network 0.0.0.0 O\*E2 0.0.0.0/0 \[110/1\] via 10.1.1.9, 00:49:56, GigabitEthernet0/0/1 10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 9 subnets, 3 masks O 10.1.1.4/30 \[110/20\] via 10.1.1.9, 00:49:56, GigabitEthernet0/0/1 O 10.10.1.0/24 \[110/30\] via 10.1.1.9, 00:49:56, GigabitEthernet0/0/1 O 10.10.2.0/24 \[110/20\] via 10.1.1.9, 00:49:56, GigabitEthernet0/0/1 R3#
Muestre la tabla de vecinos OSPF para el R3.
R3#show ip ospf neighbor Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface 2.2.2.2 0 FULL/ - 00:00:18 10.1.1.9 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 1.1.1.1 0 FULL/ - 00:00:19 10.1.1.14 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 R3#
Verifica la configuración del protocolo en R3.
R3#show ip protocols \*\*\* IP Routing is NSF aware \*\*\* (output omitted) Routing Protocol is "ospf 10" Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set Router ID 3.3.3.3 Number of areas in this router is 1. 1 normal 0 stub 0 nssa Maximum path: 4 Routing for Networks: Routing on Interfaces Configured Explicitly (Area 0): Loopback0 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 Routing Information Sources: Gateway Distance Last Update 1.1.1.1 110 00:50:44 2.2.2.2 110 00:50:44 Distance: (default is 110) R3#
Verifica el proceso OSPF en el R3.
R3#show ip ospf Routing Process "ospf 10" with ID 3.3.3.3 Start time: 00:01:38.093, Time elapsed: 00:52:05.897 Supports only single TOS(TOS0) routes Supports opaque LSA Supports Link-local Signaling (LLS) Supports area transit capability Supports NSSA (compatible with RFC 3101) Supports Database Exchange Summary List Optimization (RFC 5243) Event-log enabled, Maximum number of events: 1000, Mode: cyclic Router is not originating router-LSAs with maximum metric Initial SPF schedule delay 5000 msecs Minimum hold time between two consecutive SPFs 10000 msecs Maximum wait time between two consecutive SPFs 10000 msecs Incremental-SPF disabled Minimum LSA interval 5 secs Minimum LSA arrival 1000 msecs LSA group pacing timer 240 secs Interface flood pacing timer 33 msecs Retransmission pacing timer 66 msecs EXCHANGE/LOADING adjacency limit: initial 300, process maximum 300 Number of external LSA 1. Checksum Sum 0x009F01 Number of opaque AS LSA 0. Checksum Sum 0x000000 Number of DCbitless external and opaque AS LSA 0 Number of DoNotAge external and opaque AS LSA 0 Number of areas in this router is 1. 1 normal 0 stub 0 nssa Number of areas transit capable is 0 External flood list length 0 IETF NSF helper support enabled Cisco NSF helper support enabled Reference bandwidth unit is 10000 mbps Area BACKBONE(0) Number of interfaces in this area is 3 Area has no authentication SPF algorithm last executed 00:51:04.059 ago SPF algorithm executed 4 times Area ranges are Number of LSA 3. Checksum Sum 0x00E181 Number of opaque link LSA 0. Checksum Sum 0x000000 Number of DCbitless LSA 0 Number of indication LSA 0 Number of DoNotAge LSA 0 Flood list length 0 R3#
Utiliza el nombre de la interfaz g0/0/0 para verificar la configuración de la interfaz OSPF en R3.
R3#show ip ospf interface g0/0/0 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 is up, line protocol is up Internet Address 10.1.1.13/30, Area 0, Attached via Interface Enable Process ID 10, Router ID 3.3.3.3, Network Type POINT\_TO\_POINT, Cost: 30 Topology-MTID Cost Disabled Shutdown Topology Name 0 30 no no Base Enabled by interface config, including secondary ip addresses Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State POINT\_TO\_POINT Timer intervals configured, Hello 5, Dead 20, Wait 20, Retransmit 5 oob-resync timeout 40 Hello due in 00:00:02 Supports Link-local Signaling (LLS) Cisco NSF helper support enabled IETF NSF helper support enabled Index 1/2/2, flood queue length 0 Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)/0x0(0) Last flood scan length is 1, maximum is 1 Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec Neighbor Count is 1, Adjacent neighbor count is 1 Adjacent with neighbor 1.1.1.1 Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s) R3#
Muestra información de resumen para todas las interfaces OSPF en R3.
R3#show ip ospf interface brief Interface PID Area IP Address/Mask Cost State Nbrs F/C Lo0 10 0 10.10.3.1/24 10 P2P 0/0 Gi0/0/1 10 0 10.1.1.10/30 10 P2P 1/1 Gi0/0/0 10 0 10.1.1.13/30 30 P2P 1/1 R3#
Has verificado correctamente OSPFv2 de área única en R2 y R3.
6. Packet Tracer – Verificar OSPFv2 de Área Única
En esta actividad Packet Tracer, utilizarás una variedad de comandos para verificar la configuración OSPFv2 de área única.
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